In the absence of an opposing force -an opposing prima facie duty -then the action is pulled all the way to rightness or wrongness. The problem, though, is that there is no guideline to decide which duty has a greater level of rightness or wrongness. A person has a prima facie duty to do an act having any one of these properties. Duties of preparation, fidelity, gratitude, justice, beneficence, self improvement, and maleficence. stringent prima facie duty than any prima facie duty sa-tisfied by A. The prima facie duties that William David Ross has listed include duties of fidelity, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficence, self-improvement, and non-maleficence. Finally, although he does not say it, his view would surely be that the duty of non-maleficence is weightier than the duties of reparation, gratitude, and fidelity: it is (unless much is at stake) wrong to harm others in order to fulfil these duties. Ross divides prima facie duties into derivative and foundational ones, but seems to understand the notion of a derivative prima facie duty in two very different ways. a. What is a prima facie duty, and how do prima facie duties differ from actual duties? The theory of prima facie duties might then suggest that deontology and ut ilitarianism would likely be reconcilable. The Aristotelian scholar W. D. Ross also takes an intuitionist approach, arguing for the existence of prima facie duties that are self-evidently true. Duties proper are not actually morally relevant factors; prima facie duties are. "No?" Ross proposes a list of eight prima facie duties on pp. 14 Ross Criticism- What acts. It is a moral obligation, which is initially binding until a stronger obligation emerges. That means on their face, they're duties, but in actual cases, and when they conflict, you have to weigh them up or balance them out. This is a, a list that he gave. Do you find these objections compelling? Ross's List of Prima Facie Duties. These prima facie duties—which deal with fidelity, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficence, self-improvement, and nonmaleficence—are obligatory tendencies rather than absolute obligations. 2. c. They are self-evident. This could be further understood in a given scenario wherein an individual have to choose among the duty of gratitude and duty of justice. Prima facie duties are those facts that are observable in a given situation. We learn them through observation. Moreover, Ross still leaves a gap when it comes to choosing prima facie duties in general. The term is commonly used in reference to the discussion of general theories about what one ought to do, a central part of Western ethics since ancient times. 21 He provides a list of the kinds of prima facie duties, but admits that there may be additional prima facie duties of which he is not aware. Some Objections, cont. What are our prima facie duties, how do we know which to apply. Rossian moral pluralism’s rejection of a founding moral principle and use of ‘prima facie duties’ as opposed to absolute duties makes it unique from most other major ethical theories. Non-Consequentialist Theories do not always ignore consequences. The list of our prima facie duties is a matter of debate. WHAT ARE PRIMA FACIE DUTIES AND HOW SHOULD ONE DEAL The List of Prima Facie Duties Gives Us No Way to Determine What Our Duty Proper Is – Ross’s response: consequentialism is no better off on this charge pluralistic consequentialists appeal to our intuition that pleasure, knowledge, beauty, fairness, etc. (In contrast to Ross, Kant claims these duties are categorical.) Against this standard view, Roberl A. Larmer, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., is Associate Professor of … As a non-consequentialist, Ross rejected G. E. Moore’s consequentialist ethics and argues instead that maximizing the good is only one of the several prima facie duties which guide the individual in determining what she ought to … moral controversies more effectively than the list of duties does on its own, he claims. “A prima facie duty is a duty that is binding (obligatory) other things equal, that is, unless it is overridden or trumped by another duty or duties” (Garrett). Abstract. To make clear all ideas and terms, I will firstly explain prima facie duties, and then I will mention about the ways of knowing (or 861 (“The prima facie case is not the final inquiry, but rather the first prong of analysis which defeats a motion for dismissal prior to trial.”) Because the Court determined that Plaintiff had es-tablished a prima facie case on a sum-mary judgment, the Court, seated as … C. So what are, what are, what are these examples of these prima facie duties? So a set of distinct duties, that he … How does Ross claim that we know prima facie duties? According to Stratton-Lake, Hooker